Linux Lab#LI02-1: Export env user with grep and pipe

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📘 Linux Lab#LI02-1: Export env user with grep and pipe

Export the environment of a user linux account from user’s account with root privileges on OpenSUSE bash (or Linux Mint).

1 CLI tools

1.0.1 sudo: su - root -c

To run a single command as the root user. The -c option is used with the su command to specify a command that should be run as the target user.

su - root -c 'command'
su - root -c 'apt update && apt upgrade -y'
su - root -c 'bash /path/to/script.sh'
su - root -c 'bash /usr/local/bin/install-web-server.sh'

1.0.2 redirect: >>

The > symbol is used for output redirection. Here the output of command ls -al is re-directed to file listings instead of your screen.

ls -al > listings

The >> operator is used to redirect the output of a command to a file, and append the output to the end of the file.

command >> file
ls >> alex.txt

iconfig /all > networksettings.txt

ping 8.8.8.8 > 'C:\Users\devops\Desktop\PingResults.txt'

1.0.3 grep: grep -v

The -v option is used with the grep command to invert the sense of matching. When used, grep will display lines that do not match the given pattern.

grep -v pipe_jenkins devops.txt

1.1 environment: env

The env command is a built-in command in Linux and Unix-like operating systems that is used to display or set environment variables.

Environment variables are named values that can be used to store information about the system or the user. They are used to configure the shell and to set options that affect the behavior of the system and programs.

envexport VARIABLE_NAME=value

env

1.2 set: set +a

The set builtin command is used to set options and/or positional parameters. The -a option is used to enable the export attribute for each name, which means that the corresponding variable will be exported with the export command to the environment of subsequently executed commands.

The + sign before the a option toggles the attribute off. This means that set +a disables the export attribute for the specified variables, and set -a enables it.

VARIABLE_NAME=value
set -a
export VARIABLE_NAME

2 Solving discussion

We could do this:

su - root -c 'env | grep -v "^USER_VARIABLE=" >> /etc/environment'

This will run a subshell as the root user, source the current user’s .bashrc file to set up the environment, and then export the environment variables to /etc/environment. In Bash, the set builtin command is used to set options and/or positional parameters. The -a option is used to enable the “export” attribute for each name, which means that the corresponding variable will be exported with the export command to the environment of subsequently executed commands.

The + sign before the a option toggles the attribute off. This means that set +a disables the “export” attribute for the specified variables, and set -a enables it.

su - root -c 'bash -c "set -a; source ~/.bashrc; set +a; env | grep -v \"^USER_VARIABLE=\" >> /etc/environment"'

• su - root -c: This will allow you to run a command as the root user while preserving the environment of the current user.
• grep and >>: You will pipe the output to grep to filter out the USER_VARIABLE variable. The resulting output is then redirected to /etc/environment using >>.
• This will add all of the environment variables from the current user’s environment to the /etc/environment file, which is used to set the environment for all users on the system.

If you want to preserve the entire environment, including aliases, functions, and shell options, you can use the bash -c command instead:

su - root -c 'bash -c "set -a; source ~/.bashrc; set +a; env | grep -v \"^LS_COLORS=\" >> /etc/environment"'

Linux Lab#LI01-3: Adjust user permissions

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Linux Lab#LI03-1: Manage users and groups